Data Visualization with R
2024-07-26
Chapter 1 Charts
This repository offers a comprehensive collection of useful charts and visualizations created using R.
1.0.1 Example 1: Scatter Plot
library(ggplot2)
# ggplot2
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = wt, y = mpg)) +
geom_point() +
ggtitle("Scatter Plot (ggplot2)") +
xlab("Weight") +
ylab("Miles per Gallon")
1.0.2 Example 2: Line Plot
#Line Plot without package
plot(1:10, 1:10, type = "l", main = "Line Plot (Base R)", xlab = "X", ylab = "Y")
#Line Plot with package ggplot2
ggplot(data.frame(x = 1:10, y = 1:10), aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_line() +
ggtitle("Line Plot (ggplot2)") +
xlab("X") +
ylab("Y")
1.0.3 Example 3: Bar Plot
#Bar Plot without package
data <- table(iris$Species)
barplot(data, main = "Bar Plot (Base R)", xlab = "Species", ylab = "Count")
#Bar Plot with package ggplot2
ggplot(data.frame(Species = levels(iris$Species)), aes(x = Species)) +
geom_bar() +
ggtitle("Species Counts") +
xlab("Species") +
ylab("Count")
1.0.4 Example 4: Histogram
#Histogram without package
hist(mtcars$mpg, main = "Histogram (Base R)", xlab = "Miles per Gallon", ylab = "Frequency" )
#Histogram with package ggplot2
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = mpg)) +
geom_histogram(binwidth = 2, fill = "blue", color = "black") +
ggtitle("Histogram (ggplot2)") +
xlab("Miles per Gallon") +
ylab("Frequency")
1.0.5 Example 5: Box Plot
#Box Plot with package ggplot2
ggplot(mtcars, aes(y = mpg)) +
geom_boxplot() +
ggtitle("Box Plot (ggplot2)") +
ylab("Miles per Gallon")
1.0.6 Example 6: Violin Plot
#Violin Plot with package ggplot2
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Species, y = Sepal.Length, fill = Species)) +
geom_violin() +
ggtitle("Violin Plot (ggplot2)") +
xlab("Species") +
ylab("Sepal Length")
1.0.7 Example 7: Heatmap (pheatmap)
# Install and load the pheatmap package (if not already installed)
#install.packages("pheatmap")
library(pheatmap)## Warning: package 'pheatmap' was built under R version 4.3.3# Compute the correlation matrix for mtcars
correlation_matrix <- cor(mtcars)
# Create a heatmap
pheatmap(correlation_matrix,
color = colorRampPalette(c("blue", "white", "red"))(100),
main = "Heatmap of mtcars",
cluster_rows = FALSE, cluster_cols = FALSE,
fontsize = 10) # Adjust font size
1.0.8 Example 8: Time Series Plot (Base R)
data("AirPassengers")
ts_plot <- ts(AirPassengers, start = c(1949, 1), frequency = 12)
plot(ts_plot, main = "Time Series Plot (Base R)", xlab = "Year", ylab = "Passengers")
1.0.9 Example 9: 3D Scatter Plot (scatterplot3d)
library(scatterplot3d)
scatterplot3d(mtcars$mpg, mtcars$hp, mtcars$wt, main = "3D Scatter Plot (scatterplot3d)",
xlab = "MPG", ylab = "Horsepower", zlab = "Weight", color = "blue")
1.0.11 Example 11: Radar Chart (fmsb)
## Warning: package 'fmsb' was built under R version 4.3.3data <- scale(iris[, 1:4]) # Select the first four columns of the iris dataset and scale them
data <- data.frame(data, Species = iris$Species) # Create a data frame with row names as species
radarchart(data, axistype = 1, title = "Radar Chart (fmsb)") # Create a radar chart## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
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## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors
## Warning in Ops.factor(left, right): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[i, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors## Warning in Ops.factor(df[1, j], df[2, j]): '-' not meaningful for factors
1.0.12 Example 12: Density Plot (ggplot2)
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Sepal.Length, fill = Species)) +
geom_density(alpha = 0.5) +
ggtitle("Density Plot (ggplot2)") +
xlab("Sepal Length") +
ylab("Density")
1.0.13 Example 13: Bar Chart with Error Bars (ggplot2)
set.seed(123)
x <- 1:10
y <- x + rnorm(length(x))
error <- runif(length(x), 0.1, 0.3)
df <- data.frame(x, y, error)
ggplot(df, aes(x = x, y = y)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity") +
geom_errorbar(aes(ymin = y - error, ymax = y + error), width = 0.2) +
ggtitle("Bar Chart with Error Bars (ggplot2)") +
xlab("X") +
ylab("Y")
1.0.14 Example 14: Parallel Coordinate Plot (ggplot2)
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Species, y = Sepal.Length, color = Species)) +
geom_path() + # Use geom_path for parallel coordinates
ggtitle("Parallel Coordinates Plot (ggplot2)") +
xlab("Species") +
ylab("Sepal Length")
1.0.15 Example 15: Sunburst Chart (plotly)
## Warning: package 'plotly' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## Attaching package: 'plotly'## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## last_plot## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
##
## layout1.0.16 Example 16: Mosaic Plot (mosaic)
## Warning: package 'mosaic' was built under R version 4.3.3## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'mosaic':
## method from
## fortify.SpatialPolygonsDataFrame ggplot2##
## The 'mosaic' package masks several functions from core packages in order to add
## additional features. The original behavior of these functions should not be affected by this.##
## Attaching package: 'mosaic'## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## count, do, tally## The following object is masked from 'package:Matrix':
##
## mean## The following object is masked from 'package:plotly':
##
## do## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## stat## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## binom.test, cor, cor.test, cov, fivenum, IQR, median, prop.test,
## quantile, sd, t.test, var## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## max, mean, min, prod, range, sample, sum## Warning: package 'vcd' was built under R version 4.3.3## Loading required package: grid##
## Attaching package: 'vcd'## The following object is masked from 'package:mosaic':
##
## mplot## The following object is masked from 'package:fmsb':
##
## oddsratio# Load the Arthritis dataset
data("Arthritis")
# Create a mosaic plot
mosaic(~ Improved + Treatment, data = Arthritis,
main = "Mosaic Plot (Arthritis)")
1.0.17 Example 17: Word Cloud (wordcloud2)
## Warning: package 'wordcloud2' was built under R version 4.3.31.0.18 Example 18: Hexbin Plot (hexbinplot)
## Warning: package 'hexbin' was built under R version 4.3.3data("iris")
hexbinplot(Petal.Length ~ Petal.Width | Species, data = iris,
xlab = "Petal Width", ylab = "Petal Length",
main = "Hexbin Plot (hexbinplot)")
1.0.19 Example 19: Ternary Plot (vcd)
library(vcd)
# Create a sample matrix with 3 columns
# Replace this with your own data
ternary_data <- matrix(runif(300), ncol = 3)
# Create a ternary plot
ternaryplot(ternary_data,
main = "Ternary Plot (vcd)")
1.0.20 Example 20: Candlestick Chart (quantmod)
## Warning: package 'quantmod' was built under R version 4.3.3## Loading required package: xts## Warning: package 'xts' was built under R version 4.3.3## Loading required package: zoo## Warning: package 'zoo' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## Attaching package: 'zoo'## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## as.Date, as.Date.numeric##
## ######################### Warning from 'xts' package ##########################
## # #
## # The dplyr lag() function breaks how base R's lag() function is supposed to #
## # work, which breaks lag(my_xts). Calls to lag(my_xts) that you type or #
## # source() into this session won't work correctly. #
## # #
## # Use stats::lag() to make sure you're not using dplyr::lag(), or you can add #
## # conflictRules('dplyr', exclude = 'lag') to your .Rprofile to stop #
## # dplyr from breaking base R's lag() function. #
## # #
## # Code in packages is not affected. It's protected by R's namespace mechanism #
## # Set `options(xts.warn_dplyr_breaks_lag = FALSE)` to suppress this warning. #
## # #
## #################################################################################
## Attaching package: 'xts'## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## first, last## Loading required package: TTR## Warning: package 'TTR' was built under R version 4.3.3## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'quantmod':
## method from
## as.zoo.data.frame zoo# Get stock price data for AAPL (Apple Inc.) from Yahoo Finance
getSymbols("AAPL", src = "yahoo", from = "2022-01-01", to = "2022-12-31")## [1] "AAPL"# Create a candlestick chart
chartSeries(AAPL, type = "candlesticks", theme = "white",
name = "Apple Inc. (AAPL) Stock Prices",
subset = "2022-01-01::2022-12-31")
1.0.21 Example 21: Wind Rose Plot (openair)
## Warning: package 'maps' was built under R version 4.3.3## Warning: package 'openair' was built under R version 4.3.3# Set a seed for reproducibility
set.seed(123)
# Generate random wind direction (0 to 360 degrees) and wind speed data
directions <- runif(100, 0, 360)
speeds <- runif(100, 0, 10)
# Create a data frame with wind data
wind_data <- data.frame(direction = directions, speed = speeds)
# Create a wind rose plot
windRose(mydata = wind_data,
ws = "speed", wd = "direction",
key.header = "Wind Rose Plot (openair)")
1.0.22 Example 22: Sunflower Plot (graphics)
set.seed(123)
x <- rnorm(100)
y <- rnorm(100)
sunflowerplot(x, y, main = "Sunflower Plot (graphics)")
1.0.23 Example 23: Cluster Dendrogram (dendextend)
## Warning: package 'dendextend' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## ---------------------
## Welcome to dendextend version 1.17.1
## Type citation('dendextend') for how to cite the package.
##
## Type browseVignettes(package = 'dendextend') for the package vignette.
## The github page is: https://github.com/talgalili/dendextend/
##
## Suggestions and bug-reports can be submitted at: https://github.com/talgalili/dendextend/issues
## You may ask questions at stackoverflow, use the r and dendextend tags:
## https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/dendextend
##
## To suppress this message use: suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(dendextend))
## ---------------------##
## Attaching package: 'dendextend'## The following object is masked from 'package:mosaic':
##
## shuffle## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## cutreedata("mtcars")
dend <- as.dendrogram(hclust(dist(mtcars)))
dend <- color_branches(dend, k = 3)
plot(dend, main = "Cluster Dendrogram (dendextend)")
1.0.24 Example 24: Network Plot (igraph)
## Warning: package 'igraph' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## Attaching package: 'igraph'## The following object is masked from 'package:mosaic':
##
## compare## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## as_data_frame, groups, union## The following object is masked from 'package:plotly':
##
## groups## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## decompose, spectrum## The following object is masked from 'package:base':
##
## unionset.seed(123)
nodes <- data.frame(name = letters[1:10])
edges <- data.frame(
from = sample(nodes$name, 20, replace = TRUE),
to = sample(nodes$name, 20, replace = TRUE)
)
g <- graph_from_data_frame(d = edges, vertices = nodes)
plot(g, layout = layout_with_kk(g), vertex.label = nodes$name, main = "Network Plot (igraph)")
1.0.25 Example 25: Radial Plot (circlize)
## Warning: package 'circlize' was built under R version 4.3.3## ========================================
## circlize version 0.4.16
## CRAN page: https://cran.r-project.org/package=circlize
## Github page: https://github.com/jokergoo/circlize
## Documentation: https://jokergoo.github.io/circlize_book/book/
##
## If you use it in published research, please cite:
## Gu, Z. circlize implements and enhances circular visualization
## in R. Bioinformatics 2014.
##
## This message can be suppressed by:
## suppressPackageStartupMessages(library(circlize))
## ========================================##
## Attaching package: 'circlize'## The following object is masked from 'package:igraph':
##
## degree# Load the mtcars dataset
data("mtcars")
# Compute the correlation matrix
cor_matrix <- cor(mtcars)
# Set row names to match column names
rownames(cor_matrix) <- colnames(cor_matrix)
# Create a chord diagram
chordDiagram(cor_matrix, transparency = 0.5, annotationTrack = "grid",
preAllocateTracks = 1)
# Add a title to the plot
title(main = "Radial Plot (circlize)")
1.0.26 Example 26: Mosaic Plot (vcd)
library(vcd)
data("Arthritis")
mosaic(~ Improved + Treatment, data = Arthritis, shade = TRUE,
main = "Mosaic Plot (vcd)")
1.0.27 Example 27: Star Plot (fmsb)
# Install and load the 'fmsb' package
#install.packages("fmsb")
library(fmsb)
# Load the 'mtcars' dataset
data("mtcars")
# Create a binary variable 'mpg01' based on median
mtcars$mpg01 <- ifelse(mtcars$mpg > median(mtcars$mpg), "high", "low")
# Create a star plot (radar chart)
radarchart(mtcars[, 1:7], title = "Star Plot (fmsb)")
1.0.28 Example 28: Beeswarm Plot (ggbeeswarm)
## Warning: package 'ggbeeswarm' was built under R version 4.3.3# Load the 'mtcars' dataset
data("mtcars")
# Create a beeswarm plot
ggplot(mtcars, aes(x = factor(cyl), y = mpg)) +
geom_beeswarm() +
ggtitle("Beeswarm Plot (ggbeeswarm)") +
xlab("Cylinders") +
ylab("Miles per Gallon")
1.0.30 Example 30: Parallel Coordinates Plot (ggplot2)
library(ggplot2)
data("iris")
ggplot(iris, aes(x = Species, y = Sepal.Length, color = Species)) +
geom_path() +
ggtitle("Parallel Coordinates Plot (ggplot2)") +
xlab("Species") +
ylab("Sepal Length")
1.0.31 Example 31: Venn Diagram (VennDiagram)
## Warning: package 'VennDiagram' was built under R version 4.3.3## Loading required package: futile.logger## Warning: package 'futile.logger' was built under R version 4.3.3##
## Attaching package: 'VennDiagram'## The following object is masked from 'package:dendextend':
##
## rotatevenn.plot <- venn.diagram(
x = list(A = 1:100, B = 51:150, C = 101:200),
category.names = c("A", "B", "C"),
filename = NULL
)
grid.draw(venn.plot)
